Lambun yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin murabba'in, kuma ingancinsa yana shafar yanayin murabba'in kai tsaye. Ko da yanke ciyawa shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren kula da ciyawa. Idan ba a yi wa lawn gyaran ciyawa akan lokaci ba, ɓangaren sama na tushen sa zai yi girma da sauri, kuma wani lokacin zai yi tsaba, wanda zai hana kuma ya shafi girman ciyawar da ke jure wa tattaka, wanda hakan zai sa ta zama ƙasa mara amfani.
Thegyaran ciyawaYawancin lokaci yana farawa ne daga watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Tsawon yanke ciyawa gabaɗaya yana bin ƙa'idar 1/3. Ana yin yanke ciyawar farko ne lokacin da tsayin ciyawar ya kai santimita 10 zuwa 12, kuma tsayin ciyawar ya kai santimita 6 zuwa 8. Yawan yanke ciyawar ya dogara da girman girman ciyawar. Yawanci daga watan Yuni zuwa Yuli shine lokacin da ya fi ƙarfin girma, sau 1 zuwa 2 a kowace kwana 7 zuwa 10, da kuma sau 1 zuwa 2 a kowace kwana 10 zuwa 15 a wasu lokutan. Bayan sake yanke ciyawar, ciyawar ba wai kawai tana da rhizomes da ƙarfin rufewa mai ƙarfi ba, har ma tana da ƙasa, ganyayyaki sun yi sirara, kuma ƙimar ado tana da yawa.
Lokacin da ake yanke ciyawa, dole ne a yi amfani da bel ɗin gyaran ciyawar a layi ɗaya, kuma dole ne a canza alkiblar gyaran ciyawar a kowane lokaci. Gabaɗaya ana yi wa gefen ciyawar ado da almakashi domin kiyaye kyawunta.
Takin zamani wani muhimmin bangare ne na kula da ciyawa. Da zarar an yanke ciyawar, to ana cire ƙarin sinadarai masu gina jiki daga ƙasa. Saboda haka, dole ne a ƙara isassun abubuwan gina jiki don dawo da girma. Hadin ciyawa gabaɗaya yana dogara ne akan takin nitrogen, kuma ana amfani da takin zamani a lokaci guda. Yawan amfani da takin zamani shine kilogiram 8 zuwa kilogiram 12 a kowace mu, kuma adadin hadi ya dogara da nau'in ciyawar.
Gabaɗaya, ana yin takin ciyayi sau 7 zuwa 8 a shekara. Lokacin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan takin shine tsakanin Afrilu da Satumba, musamman takin kaka a watan Satumba yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
Ya kamata a yi takin da ya dace da filin. Don wannan dalili, ana iya amfani da takin a rabi daga bangarori biyu. Bayan an yi takin, ya kamata a shafa ruwa a kan lokaci don narkar da takin gaba ɗaya da kuma inganta shan abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar tushen sa.
Ban Ruwa Ciyawan ciyawa tana da juriyar fari daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri daban-daban, kuma tana buƙatar isasshen ruwa a lokacin girmanta mai ƙarfi. Saboda haka, ban ruwa a kan lokaci wani ma'auni ne na kiyaye kyakkyawan ciyawa. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin zafi da bushewa, ana ba da ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 5 zuwa 7 da safe da yamma don jika tushen har zuwa 10 cm zuwa 15 cm. Yana da kyau a ba da ruwa a wasu yanayi don kare tushen ƙasa daga wani ɗanɗano, amma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ban ruwa na fesawa mai hanyoyi da yawa lokacin ban ruwa don kiyaye ban ruwa iri ɗaya, adana ruwa, da kuma cire ƙura daga saman ciyawa.
Ramukan haƙa ramida kuma yin amfani da ƙasa don fitar da iska. Ana buƙatar a haƙa ciyawar a kuma yi mata haƙori don fitar da iska sau 1 zuwa 2 a shekara. Bayan an haƙa ramuka, a cika ciyawar da yashi, sannan a yi amfani da rake mai haƙori da tsintsiya mai tauri don share tarin yashi daidai gwargwado, ta yadda yashi zai shiga cikin ramin, ya ci gaba da samun iska, kuma ya inganta fitar da ruwa daga zurfin ƙasa. Kauri na yashi a saman ciyawa bai kamata ya wuce 0.5 cm ba. Mafi kyawun lokacin haƙa ramuka da ƙasa mai yashi don fitar da iska shine a farkon bazara kowace shekara.
Cire ciyawa da ciyawa ya kamata a ƙware a kan ƙa'idar "cire da wuri, cire ƙanana, sannan a cire gaba ɗaya". Yi amfani da wuka kaɗan, sannan a tono da shebur idan adadin ya yi yawa kuma ya taru, sannan a yi maganinsa ta hanyar tsakiya, sannan a daidaita ƙasa a sake shukawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari masu guba, kamar su 20% dimethoate emulsion, 25% wettable profenofosin emulsion ruwa 2,4-d, da sauransu, a fesa a rana mara iska da rana, zafin jiki ya fi kyau sama da 25℃, sannan tasirin maganin yana da sauri sosai, kuma ana iya raba adadin. Haɗa magungunan kashe ƙwari yadda ya kamata na iya inganta ingancinsu. Amma a yi taka tsantsan don guje wa sakamako mara kyau. Zaɓi maganin kashe ƙwari da ya dace bisa ga nau'in ciyawa. Magungunan kashe ƙwari don sarrafa ciyawar ganye sune Caokuojing da Kuomie. Gabaɗaya, ana fesa ciyawar ganye da Caokuojing sau 200-300 na ruwa; Lokacin da ake sarrafa ciyawar ciyawa, a yi amfani da Caohejing sau 250-300 na ruwa don fesawa iri ɗaya, wanda zai iya sarrafa ciyawar ciyawa kamar ciyawar crabgrass, tendin grass, foxtail grass, barnyard grass, lycopodium, wild oats, da teff yadda ya kamata. Idan ciyawar ciyawa da ciyawar ciyawa suka faru a lokaci guda, a yi amfani da ruwa sau 150 na Hekuojing don fesawa iri ɗaya, wanda zai iya haifar da tasirin kashe ciyawa da yawa a lokaci guda. Don sarrafa ciyawar sedge, a fesa Mesabendazole sau 200-300. Shafawa ɗaya na iya haifar da rhizomes na rot na Cyperus, kuma yawan sake dawowa yana da ƙasa sosai.
Cututtukan ciyawa galibi na fungi ne, kamar tsatsa, powdery mildew, sclerotinia, anthracnose, da sauransu. Sau da yawa suna wanzuwa a kan matattun saiwoyi, tushe da ganyen shuke-shuke a cikin ƙasa. Idan suka fuskanci yanayi mai dacewa, za su cutar da ciyawar, su hana ci gaban ciyawar, kuma su zama rawaya ko su mutu a gunduwa-gunduwa ko bulo.
Hanyar rigakafi da shawo kan cututtuka yawanci ita ce amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don hana ko magance su gwargwadon yadda cututtuka ke faruwa. Magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ake amfani da su don rigakafi sun haɗa da methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, da sauransu. Kwari waɗanda ke cutar da ciyawa sun haɗa da kwari masu ciyar da ganye da kuma waɗanda ke ciyar da tushensu kamar su tsutsotsi na noctuid, armyworms, snails, grubs, mole crickets, da tururuwa. Magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da dimethoate, cypermethrin, da dichlorvos. Lokacin hana da kuma shawo kan su, ya kamata a yanke ciyawar ƙasa sannan a fesa ta.
Idan ciyawar ta yi santsi ko kuma ta mutu kaɗan, to sai a sake sabunta ta a kuma sake sabunta ta a kan lokaci. Wato, idan ana shafa taki a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen kaka, a haɗa irin ciyawar da ta tsiro da taki tare a yayyafa su daidai gwargwado a kan ciyawar, ko kuma a yi amfani da abin birgima don yanke wani yanki a kowane santimita 20 a kan ciyawar sannan a shafa taki don haɓaka haɓakar sabbin tushe. Don rashin zubar ƙasa da tushen da ke fitowa sakamakon yawan sarewa, ban ruwa, da tsaftace ciyawar da ta mutu, a ƙara ƙasa a naɗe ta a lokacin bunƙasa ciyawar ko bayan a yi aski. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a yi ta sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma ana yin birgima sau da yawa a farkon bazara bayan ƙasa ta narke.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-27-2024